健康支持性环境促进行动
美国疾病控制与预防中心《减盐行动》电子报第60期
行业资讯
美国医师医药责任协会一份新报告强调，有100家餐厅的沙拉里的盐、饱和脂肪、胆固醇以及卡路里量比一个巨无霸汉堡的还要多。该报告表明，一个巨无霸汉堡含有550卡路里热量，29克脂肪，75毫克胆固醇，970毫克的钠。其中五个最不健康的沙拉包括Applebee’s Grilled Shrimp ‘N Spinach Salad，这是其中最咸的，盐含量高达2990毫克。要想享受沙拉的给人带来的健康益处，该报告建议避免奶油沙拉酱，不要奶酪，上层放豆类，而不是培根。– The Atlantic
政府资讯
食用过量的盐始终对健康不利
2015年5月5日，《华盛顿邮报》刊载的一篇名为《把盐递过来》的文章非常具有误导性，美国疾病预防控制中心主任汤姆·弗里登医生（Dr. Tom Frieden）在最近给编辑的信中这样写道。这篇文章说盐摄入的增加会给人带来生理上的益处，人继续补补充盐是可能是因为生理原因。虽然一些研究表明，食盐摄入不足会增加健康风险，但是弗里登博士回答，这些研究都存在重大设计缺陷，而且现有最可靠的数据清楚地表明，减少盐摄入对大家都有好处。弗里登博士说，一个明显的事实是，高血压会让人丧失机能或致命，而且人摄入的盐越多，其患高血压、心脏病发作和中风的风险也越高。--《华盛顿邮报》
公众利益科学中心主任迈克尔 F·杰克布森（Michael F. Jacobson）也对5月5日的这篇文章做了回应。
美国农业部(USDA)及其合作伙伴正在寻找新方法来减少学生餐中盐含量，同时有能保证学生的健康和快乐心情。农业部在与学生餐营养专家共同合作，采取策略推动儿童饮食中盐含量的减少，其中包括菜单规划，味道测试，增加香草，调料的使用，同时减少加工助剂。农业部开设一个新网站，为学校提供一个平台来获取有关减盐和健康学生餐方面的资源。---美国农业部博客
地方资讯
狡猾的盐是美国心脏病协会（AHA）新的吉祥物，是提高美国人低盐饮食意识活动的组成部分。该吉祥物最近来到了美国心脏病协会在密苏里州的斯普林菲尔德分会。狡猾的盐将会在人们周围突然出现，吓唬他们，因为那就是盐的坏处。”密苏里州的斯普林菲尔德分会的主任曼迪·沃什（Mandi Walsh）这样说道。 “他们隐藏在我们的食物中，如果你知道自己摄入了多少盐，会被吓到的。”他这样解释道。--KY3
国际资讯
乌拉圭首都蒙得维的亚最新颁布的法律规定，餐厅禁止把盐瓶放在餐桌上供顾客使用。乌拉圭超过30％的人口患有高血压，而且该国肥胖儿童比例也最大。除了盐瓶，该法律还规定餐馆禁止提供高盐调味品，比如番茄酱和蛋黄酱；如果顾客希望获得这些产品，他们需要自己询问。该法律还强制规定，菜单上一定要有有关盐摄入量的警告提示，而且餐厅必须有可替代的低盐食物。在全国范围内，面包店也已经同意将其产品的盐含量减少10％。--- 美国国家公共电台
一项新的研究VicHealth表明，在澳大利亚的维多利亚州，应过度摄入食盐而致死的人数要高于车祸。该研究显示，在维多利亚州，每20例死亡病例中就有1例与食盐有关。平均每个维多利亚州的市民每天摄入8或9克的盐。而世界卫生组织的推荐量是5克。在澳大利亚，大约75％的盐摄入来自加工食品。VicHealth首席执行官杰里·莱切特（JerrilRechter）将面包、谷类、加工的肉类和番茄酱划为高盐食物。 “真正要我们命的是那些隐藏在食物里的盐。”莱切特说道。– 3AW News Talk Australia
不要“盐渍”儿童：为了健康减少加工食品的盐含量
世界卫生组织和世界各国政府都对儿童的最大食盐摄入量做出明确推荐。但每次测量儿童的盐摄入量，总是超标。最近，澳大利亚的一项全国营养调查发现，几乎每个年龄在2-8岁的孩子都超过了推荐的食盐摄入量，而且儿童比大人更容易超标。文章指出，导致这个问题的一个重要原因是大多数人摄入的盐都隐蔽的很深，不易察觉。食品标签上的信息在技术上是准确的，但它的目的不是让家长或孩子轻易识别健康食品。另一个挑战是，盐对儿童的有害影响往往到了老年以后才显示出来。而减少盐摄入的好处也要几十年才能显示出来。– The Conversation
南非心脏病及中风基金会（HSF）的首席执行官VashMungal-Singh医生指出，南非人食用大量面包，而且在许多家庭里每餐都吃面包。南非心脏病及中风基金会表示，面包是南非人盐摄入量中最大的盐来源。VashMungal-Singh医生指出估计有1100万南非人患有高血压病，而且这种状况正在逐步年轻化。过量的盐摄入是南非人患心脏病和中风的主要原因。2015年5月17日，在举办世界高血压日活动时，南非心脏病及中风基金会敦促南非人定期检测他们的血压，因为大多数人都没有意识到自己的食盐摄入状况，这样容易对自己的健康不利。– Health24
印度奥里萨邦卫生部门计划推出一项大型项目，以减少市民的食盐摄入量，以应对高血压人不断增多的状况。该部门将向人们宣传盐对健康的不良影响，包括开设健康家庭活动，让人们关注每个家庭的食盐摄入限制。奥里萨邦居民摄入的盐很多，他们不仅喜欢高盐食物，而且通常会在餐桌上再加盐到饭菜中。印度癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病和中风预防与控制项目官员P.K.B. Patnaik医生表示，奥里萨邦居民平均每天摄入超过12克盐，吃快餐、薯片和加工食品的人数也在增加，即使在农村地区也是如此。这对民众的健康非常不利。--- 新印度快报
在5月17日的2015年世界高血压日上，尼日利亚的代表呼吁制定一项全国性的减盐政策，以应对不多恶化的高盐摄入趋势。与会专家都对尼日利亚高血压患者人数不断增多表现出担忧，并称该国需要采取积极的预防保健策略来控制国人的盐摄入。这个问题已是黑人高血压频发的最主要因素。在尼日利亚，有超过2700万的成年人患有高血压病，而很多人直到病情难以控制才意识到这个问题。--- 卫报
其他资讯
公共利益科学中心主任迈克尔·雅各布森（Michael F. Jacobson）表示，在谈到食品供应中减低钠的含量时，“预防胜过治愈”就有了全新的含义。一项公共健康措施已经被公认为可能避免每年数万美国人死于心血管疾病。公共利益科学中心的一项新分析表明，平均每天少吃半茶匙盐可每年节省数亿美元的医疗保健成本。公共利益科学中心估计，四个人口最多的州，即加州、佛罗里达州、纽约州和得克萨斯州，每年将各自节省超过十亿美元费用。雅各布森呼吁美国食品和药物管理局按照医药学会2010年的盐摄入推荐量，逐步减少食品供应中钠的含量。--- 赫芬顿邮报
请注意：
本简讯英文版由美国疾病预防控制中心发布，中文版由骄阳翻译公司翻译，如有歧义，请以英文版本为准。
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May 9–22, 2015
A new report from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine highlights 100 restaurant salads that are “worse” than a Big Mac in terms of sodium, saturated fat, cholesterol, and calories. A Big Mac contains 550 calories, 29 grams of fat, 75 milligrams of cholesterol, and 970 milligrams of sodium, according to the report. The five most unhealthy salads from the list include Applebee’s Grilled Shrimp ‘N Spinach Salad, which was the saltiest at 2,990 milligrams of sodium. To enjoy the healthy benefits of a salad, the reports recommends avoiding creamy dressings, skipping the cheese, and topping with beans instead of bacon. – The Atlantic
Too Much Salt Is Still Unhealthy
The May 5, 2015, Washington Post article “Pass the Salt” was dangerously misleading, CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden wrote in a recent Letter to the Editor. The article suggested that increased sodium intake may have physiological benefits and that there may be biological reasons why the body craves sodium. Although a few studies suggest that too little salt increases health risks, Dr. Frieden responded, these studies have major design flaws—and the most reliable data available clearly show that reducing sodium benefits everyone. The simple truth, Dr. Frieden said, is that high blood pressure disables and kills, and the more salt someone consumes, the higher his or her risk for high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. – Washington Post
Michael F. Jacobson, Executive Director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, also responded to the May 5 article.
USDA Seeks Creative Ways to Boost Flavor with Less Sodium for Students
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and its partners are seeking creative ways to reduce sodium content in school meals, yet still keep students healthy and happy. USDA is working with school nutrition professionals to incorporate strategies to help lower sodium in children’s diets, including savvy menu planning; taste testing; and increasing the use of herbs, spices, and less-processed ingredients. USDA created a new website that provides a hub for schools to access resources on sodium reduction and healthier school meals. – USDA Blog
American Heart Association “Sneaky Salt Tour” Arrives in the Ozarks
Sneaky Salt, the new mascot from the American Heart Association (AHA) that is part of a campaign to raise awareness about reducing sodium in American diets, recently visited the AHA Springfield, Missouri, chapter. Sneaky Salt “is going to be sneaking around scaring people because that’s what sodium does,” said Mandi Walsh, Heart Walk director for the chapter. “It’s hidden in our foods and it’s scary to know how much sodium you actually are getting,” she explained. – KY3
Assault on Salt: Uruguay Bans Shakers in Restaurants and Schools
A new law in the Uruguayan capital, Montevideo, has banned restaurants from placing salt shakers on tables for customer use. More than 30% of the Uruguayan population suffers from high blood pressure, and the nation also has the largest percentage of obese children in its region. In addition to salt shakers, the law also made it illegal for restaurants to put out high-sodium condiments like ketchup and mayonnaise; if customers want these products, they have to ask. The law also stipulates a mandatory menu warning about salt consumption, and restaurants must have low sodium alternatives available. Nationally, bakers have also agreed to lower the sodium content in their products by 10%. – NPR
Victorians Are Risking Their Lives by Eating an Excessive Amount of Salt
More Australians from Victoria die from excessive salt consumption than from car accidents, according to a new VicHealth study. The study showed that sodium is linked to 1 in 20 deaths in Victoria. On average, Victorians consume up to 8 or 9 grams of salt each day, whereas the World Health Organization recommends a limit of 5 grams. Around 75% of salt in the Australian diet comes from processed food. CEO of VicHealth JerrilRechter labeled bread, cereals, processed meats, and tomato sauce as having high salt content. “It's the hidden salt that is really literally killing us,” Rechter said. – 3AW News Talk Australia
No Need to Pickle Children: Get Big Food to Cut Salt for Better Health
The World Health Organization and governments around the world make clear recommendations about maximum salt consumption for children. But everywhere they are measured, these safe levels are being exceeded. A recent national nutrition survey in Australia found almost every child aged 2–8 years exceeded recommended salt consumption levels, and children were more likely to exceed recommended intakes than were adults. A big part of the problem, according to the article, is that most of the salt people eat is hidden. Food labeling is technically accurate, but it is not designed to enable parents or children to easily identify healthy foods. Another challenge is that the harmful effects of salt on children often do not show until much later in life, and the real benefits of reducing salt consumption in children will take decades to show. – The Conversation
Is Bread Killing South Africans?
South Africans eat a lot of bread, and in many households it is eaten at every meal, according to Dr. VashMungal-Singh, CEO of the Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa (HSF). Bread is the single highest contributor to the total salt intake of South Africans, according to HSF. With an estimated 11 million South Africans living with high blood pressure, Dr. Mungal-Singh noted that many more people are developing the condition at a younger age. Excess salt intake is linked to high blood pressure, which is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke in South Africa. In recognition of World Hypertension Day on May 17, 2015, HSF urged South Africans to measure their blood pressure regularly because most people are not aware of their levels and could be putting their health at risk. – Health24
Odisha Government Plan to Help Residents Reduce Salt
The Odisha State Health Department in India is set to undertake a large program to reduce salt consumption in an attempt to check the increasing rates of high blood pressure in the population. The Department will educate people on the ill effects of salt on health, including through health camps focused on limiting salt intake at the household level. Odisha residents are high salt consumers, and they not only prefer high salt foods but also typically add salt to meals at the table. The average person in Odisha consumes more than 12 grams of salt a day, and increasing consumption of fast food, chips, and processed food, even in rural areas, is taking a toll on the population, according to Dr. P.K.B. Patnaik, an officer with the India’s National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke. – New Indian Express
Experts Canvass National Salt-Reduction Policy
As the world commemorated World Hypertension Day 2015 on May 17, stakeholders in Nigeria called for a national salt reduction policy to check the growing epidemic of high salt intake. The experts, who expressed concern on the growing rate of hypertension among Nigerians, said the nation needed aggressive preventive health policies to control salt, which has been implicated as a leading risk factor in the development of high blood pressure among blacks. More than 27 million Nigerian adults have high blood pressure, and many do not know until it is out of control. – The Guardian
Sodium Reduction Saves States Health Care Costs
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” takes on a whole new meaning when considering reducing sodium in the food supply—a public health measure already well recognized as likely to prevent tens of thousands of deaths each year from cardiovascular disease alone in the United States, according to Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). A new analysis by CSPI shows that reducing Americans’ average salt intake by half a teaspoon a day could save some states hundreds of millions of dollars each year in reduced health care costs. CSPI estimated that four populous states—California, Florida, New York, and Texas—would each save more than $1 billion annually. Jacobson called for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to level the playing field for the food industry by following the 2010 Institute of Medicine recommendations to gradually reduce sodium in the food supply over time. – Huffington Post
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